THE RELATIONS OF KHOREZMIAN MERCHANTS WITH STEPPE NOMADS IN THE MIDDLE AGES: AN ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND WRITTEN SOURCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/hum-i6v2y2026/n04Keywords:
Khorezm oasis, Dasht-i Kipchak, nomadic pastoralists, trade and economic relations, Middle Ages, archaeological sources, oasis economy.Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the trade, economic, and cultural relations between the northern regions of the Khorezm oasis and the nomadic population of the Dasht-i Kipchak (Kipchak Steppe). The interactions of Khorezmian merchants with nomadic pastoralists, as well as their impact on the oasis economy, defense, and infrastructure systems, are elucidated by comparing archaeological excavation data with medieval written sources.
References
1. Tolstov S.P. Drevniy Xorezm. — M.: MGU, 1948.
2. Al-Maqdisiy. Ahsan at-taqasim fi ma’rifat al-aqalim.
3. Rtveladze E.V. Velikiy Shelkoviy put: nauchno-populyarnoye ocherki. — T.: O‘zbekiston, 1999.
4. Ziyo Azamat. O‘zbekiston davlatchiligi tarixi. — T., 2000.
5. UNESCO Silk Road Online Platform — Xorazmning Ipak yo‘lidagi o‘rni haqida xalqaro ilmiy resurs.
6. Arxiv.uz ilmiy maqolalar bazasi.
7. Mavlonov O‘.M. Markaziy Osiyoning qadimgi yo‘llari: shakllanishi va rivojlanish bosqichlari. Monografiya. — T.: Akademiya, 2008.
8. Masson M.E. K voprosu o severnix torgovix svyazyax Xorezma // Izvestiya AN UzSSR. — T., 1953.
9. Rtveladze E.V. Velikiy shyolkoviy put: nauchno-populyarnoye ocherki. — T.: Uzbekistan, 1999. (Izoh: Muallifning bir asari turli nashrlarda chop etilgan)
10. Buryakov Yu.F. Markaziy Osiyoning qadimiy va o‘rta asrlar karvon yo‘llari. — T.: Fan, 1978.
11. G‘ulomov Ya.G‘. Xorazmning sug‘orilish tarixi. — T.: Fan, 1957.
12. Tolstov S.P. Qadimgi Xorazm madaniyatini izlab. — T.: Fan, 1964.
13. O. Matkurbonov. Ilk o‘rta asrlar davrida Xorazmning Buyuk ipak yo‘lida tutgan o‘ni. Monografiya. – Buxoro: “Durdona” nashriyoti, 2026
14. Rajapov, Mardonbek (2024) The study of the economic and social life of Khorezm during the afrighid period (a historiographical analysis). Uchinchi renessans yosh olimlari: zamonaviy vazifalar, innovatsiya va istiqbol» xalqaro ilmiyamaliy anjuman тўплами. pp. 424-428. ISSN UDK 37.02 https://ilmiykutubxona.com/id/eprint/2079
15. Rajapov, Mardonbek (2025) Afrig‘iylar sulolasi davri tarixshunosligi (XIX – XXI asrning 20 yillaridagi tadqiqotlar tahlili). Other. “Durdona nashriyoti”, Buxoro. https://ilmiykutubxona.com/id/eprint/2073
